This brief uses data on 76 Health Information Organizations (HIOs) from the 2025 National Survey of Health Information Organizations, a near census of state, regional, and local HIOs, to describe the current state of HIO connectivity to state, local, and tribal PHAs, and the types of services offered to support public health reporting and other core PHA responsibilities. This brief also provides information on PHAs’ utilization of these services, as observed by HIOs, and HIO-reported barriers to PHA connectivity that may hinder their ability to support routine PHA functions as well as critical data needs for a future public health emergency.
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