{"id":165555,"date":"2026-02-11T12:14:02","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T17:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.healthit.gov\/dashboard_stats\/trends-hospital-leaders-perceptions-information-blocking\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T12:14:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T17:14:03","slug":"trends-in-hospital-leaders-perceptions-of-information-blocking","status":"publish","type":"quick-stat","link":"https:\/\/healthit.gov\/data\/quickstats\/trends-in-hospital-leaders-perceptions-of-information-blocking\/","title":{"rendered":"Trends in Hospital Leaders\u2019 Perceptions of Information Blocking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In 2025, 19% of hospitals perceived an instance of possible information blocking by any actor, an over 50% decrease since 2021. The applicability date of the information blocking regulations occurred in April 2021. The American Hospital Association Health Information Technology Supplement Survey fielded in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2025 included questions on hospital leaders\u2019 perceptions of practices that may constitute information blocking. While identification of whether a practice (an act or omission) constituted information blocking depends on the unique facts and circumstances of the practice, these data can provide a sense of the perception of key stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-tertiary-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-53405299c0614ef33cb7d88fc584ff29\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><strong>Percent of Hospitals that Perceived Each Actor Engaged in Possible Information Blocking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wdt-wrapper-chart-loader\" data-id=\"33\"\n     style=\"height: 400px;\">\n    <div class=\"wdt-main-item\">\n                <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left wdt-chart-one\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4 wdt-chart-three\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7 \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2 wdt-chart-two\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5 wdt-chart-four\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6 wdt-chart-five\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-static-background\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n        if (typeof (wpDataCharts) == 'undefined') wpDataCharts = {};\n        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data-align=\"center\">9%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">13%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">State, regional, and\/or local health information exchange<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Developers of Certified Health IT (e.g. Enterprise EHR vendors)<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">17%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">National Networks<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Any Actor<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">42%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">32%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19%*<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br>Note: Hospitals that did not respond or indicated &#8220;don&#8217;t know&#8221; to each question are excluded from the numerator and denominator of each measure.<br>* denotes a statistically significant year-over-year difference at p&lt;0.05.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The survey also includes three questions on how healthcare providers engaged in practices that may be perceived as information blocking. Strategic affiliations, which are described as promoting alternative, proprietary approaches to information exchange or exchanging only within a referral network or with preferred referral partners, was the most common type of practice in 2023 but decreased significantly by nearly half in 2025. Only 6% of hospitals reported other health care providers refused to exchange patient information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-tertiary-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-f05bb9bca64a54082d363a8e6b18a571\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><strong>Percent of Hospitals that Perceived Healthcare Providers Engaged in Three Types of Possible Information Blocking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wdt-wrapper-chart-loader\" data-id=\"34\"\n     style=\"height: 400px;\">\n    <div class=\"wdt-main-item\">\n                <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left wdt-chart-one\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4 wdt-chart-three\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7 \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2 wdt-chart-two\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5 wdt-chart-four\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n     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         <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-static-background\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n        if (typeof (wpDataCharts) == 'undefined') wpDataCharts = {};\n        wpDataCharts[34] = {\n            render_data: 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Blocking\",\n            container: \"wpDataChart_34\",\n            follow_filtering: 0,\n            wpdatatable_id: 78,\n            group_chart: 0        }\n    <\/script>\n\n    <div id=\"wpDataChart_34\" class=\"highcharts_line_chart\" style=\"width: 100%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" scope=\"col\">2021<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" scope=\"col\">2022<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" scope=\"col\">2023<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2025<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Artificial technical, process, or resource barriers (n=4,045)<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">35%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">14%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Refusal to exchange patient information (n=4,011)<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">26%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Strategic Affiliations (n=3,951)<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">32%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">29%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12%*<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br>Note: Indicates % Often or Sometimes engaging in each method. Hospitals that did not respond or indicated don&#8217;t know to each question are excluded from each measure.<br>* denotes a statistically significant year-over-year difference at p&lt;0.05.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The survey also includes four questions on how EHR developers engaged in practices that may be perceived as information blocking. In all years, price was listed as the most common type of perceived information blocking by EHR developers and remained statistically unchanged in 2025, compared to 2023. Note that for consistency with prior surveys, this question asks specifically about \u201cEnterprise EHR vendors\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-tertiary-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-564c2fbe5c8b6f08cacb9af6741fd2b6\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><strong>Percent of Hospitals that Perceived EHR Developers Engaged in Four Types of Possible Information Blocking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wdt-wrapper-chart-loader\" data-id=\"35\"\n     style=\"height: 400px;\">\n    <div class=\"wdt-main-item\">\n                <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left wdt-chart-one\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4 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class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">24%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22%<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Contract language to discourage exchange of patient information<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">23%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">21%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Artificial technical, process, or resource barriers<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12%*<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" scope=\"row\">Refusal to exchange patient information<\/th><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10%<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11%*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7%*<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br>Note: Indicates % Often or Sometimes engaging in each method. Hospitals that did not respond or indicated don&#8217;t know to each question are excluded from each measure.<br>* denotes a statistically significant year-over-year difference at p&lt;0.05.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/healthit.gov\/data\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Info-Blocking-QS-Figures_updated-with-2025-data.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Download Excel [xlsx &#8211; 48KB]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2025, 19% of hospitals perceived an instance of possible information blocking by any actor, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_selected_menu":"","_show_breadcrumbs":"true","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"topics":[135,126,68,65],"class_list":["post-165555","quick-stat","type-quick-stat","status-publish","hentry","topics-about","topics-data","topics-information-blocking","topics-interoperability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.8.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Trends in Hospital Leaders\u2019 Perceptions of Information Blocking - ONC Health IT Research &amp; 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